The difference is the standard of life. This happens to all in the creation. It shapes the general picture of our presence in this life which is stated with the difference in everything. This tenet is additionally valid for the issue of faith as Islam recognizes the presence of different creed. Rather Islam builds its association with them on the basis of coexistence and esteem. The Quran conceded the disparity of beliefs and the presence of the guided and misguided.  In Surah Yunus ayah 99, Allah ﷻ said;

وَلَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّكَ لَآمَنَ مَن فِي الْأَرْضِ كُلُّهُمْ جَمِيعًا أَفَأَنتَ تُكْرِهُ النَّاسَ حَتَّىٰ يَكُونُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ

And had your Lord willed, those on earth would have believed – all of them entirely. Then, [O Muhammad], would you compel the people in order that they become believers

The verse explains that if Allah ﷻ willed all human beings would be Muslims however his wisdom required the existence of various creeds and doctrines. Islam gives particular rights for the followers of these religions regardless of the soundness of these creeds. These privileges protect their identity and dignity.

What does term Thimi mean?

Thimi means a pledge or covenant. A non-Muslim living under Islamic State is called Thimi. This person has the pledge of Allah that he would be protected under Islamic rule. This is an expression that guarantees his rights and freedom.

Right to Freedom of Belief

Islam does not compel individuals of different beliefs to convert. It has given them complete liberty to hold on to their own faith and not to be forced to embrace Islam. This freedom has been stated in the Quran by Allah ﷻ as:

لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ ۖ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ ۚ فَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَىٰ لَا انفِصَامَ لَهَا ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ

There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion. The right course has become clear from the wrong. So whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah has grasped the most trustworthy handhold with no break in it. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing.

(Al-Baqarah: 256)

Right to inviting non-Muslims to Islam

Islam is the only genuine religion that lends a hand to success in this life and hereafter. It is a kind of injustice to withhold this righteousness from the individuals who have no knowledge about it. A Muslim is obliged to demonstrate the true teachings of Islam through words and actions to disbelievers by means of wisdom and benevolence.

Allah Almighty says in Surah Nahl, ayah 125:

اُدۡعُ اِلٰى سَبِيۡلِ رَبِّكَ بِالۡحِكۡمَةِ وَالۡمَوۡعِظَةِ الۡحَسَنَةِ وَجَادِلۡهُمۡ بِالَّتِىۡ هِىَ اَحۡسَنُ ؕ اِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ اَعۡلَمُ بِمَنۡ ضَلَّ عَنۡ سَبِيۡلِهٖ وَهُوَ اَعۡلَمُ بِالۡمُهۡتَدِيۡنَ‏

Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best. Indeed, your Lord is most knowing of who has strayed from His way, and He is most knowing of who is [rightly] guided.

Right to good treatment

Non-Muslims although have invalid faith from Muslims’ perspective should not be harmed because of their religion. As long as non-Muslims do not cause any harm to others, Islam urges Muslims to regard, endure and have good relations with them. Allah ﷻ states in the Quran:

Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes – from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly. (Al-Muntahanah 60:8)

Right to Justice

Islam necessitates Muslims to be just in all affairs. Muslims are exquisitely ordained to act impartial, even if they have to go against themselves or those close to them. Islam requires them to act equitably towards Muslim and non-Muslims likewise.  Non-Muslims have the right to go to courts to seek justice as stated by Allah Almighty:

(Al-Maidah: 43)

وَكَيْفَ يُحَكِّمُونَكَ وَعِنْدَهُمُ التَّوْرَاةُ فِيهَا حُكْمُ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّوْنَ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَٰلِكَ ۚ وَمَا أُولَٰئِكَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ

But how is it that they come to you for judgment while they have the Torah, which is the judgment of Allah? Then they turn away, [even] after that; but those are not [in fact] believers.

Right to protect their souls

In Islam, killing is close to shirk and is the most offensive, repulsive and punishable action. It is belligerence against the creation of Allah Almighty. It has been forbidden several times and warned of its severe punishment by Allah ﷻ such as:

And those who do not invoke with Allah another deity or kill the soul which Allah has forbidden [to be killed], except by right, and do not commit unlawful sexual intercourse. And whoever should do that will meet a penalty.(Al-Furqan 25:68)

Conclusion

These are some of the privileges of non-Muslims upon the Muslims that need to be taken into contemplation by every Muslim. The rights testify to the greatness of Islam. It also shows its tolerance towards those who do not follow it by preserving their self-esteem, identity, life, and religion.

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